“An Unlikely Abolitionist”: Samuel Hopkins and His Complex Fight Against Slavery - Credits and Research Sources

Clark-Pujara, ibid., p. 120

Ferguson, John, Memoir of the Life and Character of Rev. Samuel Hopkins, D.D. Formerly the Pastor of the First Congregational Church in Newport, Rhode Island, (Boston: L.W. Kimball, 1830), pp. 9-11.

Kujawa, Sheryl A., “The Path of Duty Plain”: Samuel Hopkins, Sarah Osborn, and Revolutionary Newport,” Rhode Island History, Vol. 58, Number 3, (August 2000), pp. 76-77

Ferguson, ibid., pp. 28, 33, 58, 61.

Kujawa, ibid., p. 78; “an average 500 more adult women”: Crane, Elaine, A Dependent People: Newport, Rhode Island in the Revolutionary Era,” (Fordham Press, 1985), p. 5. Ferguson lists the previous three pastors as such; Nathaniel Clapp was the founding pastor, followed by “Mr. Hillier” and then “Mr. Vinall” immediately before Hopkins; Ferguson, ibid., p. 80. Fletcher Bamberg writes that Rev. William Vinall was dismissed “for alcoholism.”

Ferguson, ibid., p. 78.

Clark-Pujara, ibid., pp. 13, 19.

As quoted in Crane, ibid., p. 21.

“my opposition”, Sassi, ibid., p. 29; “volumes” & “barbarous oppression”, Park, Edward A., ed., The Works of Samuel Hopkins, D. D., First Pastor of the Church of Great Barrington. Mass., Afterwards Pastor of The First Congregational Church in Newport, R.I. with a Memoir of His Life and Character, (Doctrinal Tract & Book Soc. : 1852), Vol. 1, pp. 614-615; Clark Pujara, ibid., p. 69.

“abject slavery”, Park, ed., ibid., Vol. 2, pp. 617-618; Ferguson, ibid., p. 88; “judge the poor”, Park, ed., ibid., p. 550. Emphasis added.

Park, ed., ibid., p. 597.

Park, ed., ibid., pp. 601-602.

Park, ed., ibid., pp. 607.

Park, ed., ibid., pp. 609.

Monescalchi, Michael, “Phillis Wheatley, Samuel Hopkins, and the Rise of Disinterested Benevolence,” Early American Literature, Vol. 54, No. 2 (2019), p. 416.

Kujawa, ibid., p. 80; Conforti, Joseph, “Samuel Hopkins and the Revolutionary Antislavery Movement,” Rhode Island History, Vol. 38, No. 2, (May 1979), p. 39; Ferguson, ibid., p. 82; Monescalchi, ibid., p. 416.

de Barros Gomes, Akeia, Strangers and Outcasts in a Strange Land: The Early African American Community of Newport, RI (forthcoming).

Fletcher Bamberg, ibid., p. 9.

As quoted in Fletcher Bamberg, ibid., p. 13; Clark Pujara, ibid., p. 2.

As quoted in Fletcher Bamberg, ibid., pp. 12-13.

Fletcher Bamberg, ibid., p. 15.

Fletcher Bamberg, ibid., p. 21; Ferguson, ibid., pp. 86-88; “one hundred dollars” Park, Edward A., Memoir of the Life and Character of Samuel Hopkins, (Doctrinal Tract & Book Soc. : 1854), p. 138. Duchess Quamino was enslaved to the Channing family, of Newport. Sassi, Jonathan D., “‘This whole country have their hands full of Blood this day’: Transcription and Introduction of an Antislavery Sermon Manuscript Attributed to the Reverend Samuel Hopkins,” Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society, (2004), pp. 41-43.

Clark Pujara, ibid., pp. 119-120; Brooks, George E., “The Providence African Union Society’s Sierra Leone Emigration Scheme, 1794-1795: Prologue to the African Colonization Movement,” The International Journal of African Historical Studies, Vol. 7, No. 2, (1974), pp. 191-192; “Black ambassador”, Brooks, ibid., p. 198.

Brooks, ibid., pp. 196-197, 201; Clark Pujara, ibid., pp. 120.

Brooks, ibid., p. 186, 202; “accomplished poet”, Kujawa, ibid., p. 84; Clark Pujara, ibid., pp. 115, 130; Ferguson, ibid., pp. 90-91.

As quoted in Brooks, ibid., p. 202n46.

Hopkins, Samuel, Twenty-One Sermons, on a Variety of Interesting Subjects, Sentimental and Practical, (Joshua Cushing : 1803), pp. 386-387.